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N91.2
ICD-10-CM
Missed Period

Concerned about a missed period? Learn about possible causes of amenorrhea, including pregnancy, hormonal imbalances, PCOS, menopause, and stress. Find information on diagnosis codes like N91.0 for secondary amenorrhea and relevant ICD-10 codes. Explore clinical documentation best practices for missed periods and understand the importance of accurate medical coding for healthcare professionals. This resource provides guidance on evaluation, management, and when to consult a healthcare provider regarding missed menses.

Also known as

Amenorrhea
Absent Menstruation

Diagnosis Snapshot

Key Facts
  • Definition : Absence of menstruation for one or more cycles.
  • Clinical Signs : Amenorrhea, possible nausea, fatigue, breast tenderness, or mood changes.
  • Common Settings : Primary care, gynecology, endocrinology, or fertility clinics.

Related ICD-10 Code Ranges

Complete code families applicable to AAPC N91.2 Coding
N91-N95

Menstrual disorders

Covers various menstrual irregularities, including missed periods.

E28-E35

Ovarian dysfunction

Ovarian issues can cause menstrual cycle disruptions like amenorrhea.

E30-E35

Disorders of puberty & menses

Includes conditions affecting puberty and menstruation, a potential cause.

R33-R39

Other urinary symptoms

While less direct, some urinary issues can sometimes be linked.

Code-Specific Guidance

Decision Tree for

Follow this step-by-step guide to choose the correct ICD-10 code.

Is the patient pregnant?

  • Yes

    Do not code missed period. Code the appropriate pregnancy diagnosis.

  • No

    Is there a known physiological cause (e.g., menopause, lactation)?

Code Comparison

Related Codes Comparison

When to use each related code

Description
Missed Period
Oligomenorrhea
Amenorrhea (Primary)

Documentation Best Practices

Documentation Checklist
  • Document LMP date, regularity, and characteristics.
  • Pregnancy test result and date performed.
  • Relevant medical history impacting menstruation.
  • Differential diagnoses considered and ruled out.
  • Medications, including hormonal contraceptives.

Coding and Audit Risks

Common Risks
  • Unspecified Amenorrhea Coding

    Using unspecified codes (e.g., N28.9) without proper documentation for secondary amenorrhea causes inaccurate reporting and lost revenue.

  • Pregnancy Overcoding Risk

    Prematurely coding pregnancy (Z32.0) before confirmation leads to inflated pregnancy rates and potential claim denials.

  • Missed Underlying Cause Risk

    Focusing solely on missed period without investigating underlying causes (e.g., PCOS, thyroid issues) impacts quality metrics and patient safety.

Mitigation Tips

Best Practices
  • Document age, LMP, sexual activity, contraception for accurate ICD-10 coding (N91.0, amenorrhea).
  • Rule out pregnancy with HCG test. Thorough history for CDI of secondary amenorrhea causes.
  • Medication reconciliation for drug-induced amenorrhea. Compliant documentation per payer guidelines.
  • Consider thyroid, prolactin levels, PCOS for accurate diagnosis, optimal HCC coding for risk adjustment.
  • Check FSH, LH for premature ovarian insufficiency. Document findings for compliant billing.

Clinical Decision Support

Checklist
  • Confirm LMP date and cycle regularity.
  • Pregnancy test documented positive or negative.
  • Relevant labs (e.g., TSH, prolactin) ordered if indicated.
  • Consider age and relevant medical history (e.g., PCOS).

Reimbursement and Quality Metrics

Impact Summary
  • Missed Period Reimbursement: Coding accuracy impacts payer contracts and claim denials. Optimize with Z30.0 for primary amenorrhea or N91.0 for secondary amenorrhea.
  • Quality Metrics Impact: Accurate missed period diagnosis coding (Z30.0, N91.0, etc.) affects womens health reporting and quality measures.
  • Missed Period Coding: Proper ICD-10 coding (amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea) crucial for accurate hospital reporting and revenue cycle management.
  • Reimbursement Impact: Correct diagnosis coding for amenorrhea ensures appropriate reimbursement and minimizes claim rejections.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Common Questions and Answers

Q: What is the most effective differential diagnosis approach for secondary amenorrhea in adolescents excluding pregnancy?

A: When evaluating secondary amenorrhea (absence of menses for 3 months or more in someone who previously menstruated) in adolescents after ruling out pregnancy, a systematic approach is crucial. First, consider common functional hypothalamic amenorrhea causes like stress, excessive exercise, or eating disorders. Evaluate weight, BMI, and exercise patterns. Hormonal assessment should include TSH, prolactin, FSH, and LH levels. If these are normal, consider PCOS based on clinical presentation (hirsutism, acne) and androgen levels. Structural abnormalities like congenital Mullerian anomalies should be investigated with pelvic ultrasound or MRI if indicated. Explore how detailed medical history, including menarche age and menstrual cycle characteristics, can aid in differential diagnosis and consider implementing age-appropriate counseling about lifestyle factors, especially in athletes and patients with disordered eating.

Q: How do I differentiate between physiological and pathological causes of missed periods in perimenopausal women when considering diagnostic tests?

A: Differentiating between physiological perimenopausal transition and pathological causes of missed periods requires a comprehensive evaluation. Begin by assessing menstrual cycle irregularity patterns and associated symptoms like hot flashes, sleep disturbances, and mood changes. While fluctuating estrogen and FSH levels are expected in perimenopause, significant deviations could point to other conditions. Consider measuring FSH, LH, and estradiol levels. Thyroid dysfunction can mimic perimenopausal symptoms, so TSH testing is important. If bleeding is heavy or prolonged, evaluate for uterine fibroids or endometrial hyperplasia with pelvic ultrasound and endometrial biopsy if indicated. Learn more about interpreting hormonal profiles in perimenopausal women to accurately distinguish between normal hormonal fluctuations and pathology.

Quick Tips

Practical Coding Tips
  • Code N91.0 for primary amenorrhea
  • Code N92.5 for secondary amenorrhea
  • Rule out pregnancy first, Z32.01
  • Document symptom duration, onset
  • Consider oligomenorrhea codes

Documentation Templates

Subjective: Patient presents with amenorrhea, defined as the absence of menses.  Chief complaint is a missed period.  Patient reports her last menstrual period (LMP) was [Date or duration, e.g., 8 weeks ago, October 26, 2023].  Patient's usual menstrual cycle is [Frequency and duration, e.g., regular, every 28 days, lasting 5 days] with [Flow description, e.g., normal flow].  Patient denies any abnormal vaginal bleeding or spotting.  Review of systems includes inquiry regarding pregnancy symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness, fatigue, and urinary frequency.  Patient reports [Presence or absence of these symptoms].  Further history includes questions regarding stress levels, recent weight changes, dietary habits, exercise routines, and use of medications, including hormonal contraceptives, which could contribute to secondary amenorrhea.  Patient denies history of eating disorders, thyroid problems, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Objective:  Vital signs stable.  Physical examination, including pelvic exam if age-appropriate and clinically indicated, reveals [Findings, e.g., normal external genitalia, uterus non-tender, no adnexal masses].  Pregnancy test [Positive, negative, or pending].

Assessment:  Missed period, differential diagnosis includes pregnancy, secondary amenorrhea due to [Potential causes based on history and physical, e.g., stress, weight changes, medication use], or primary amenorrhea if the patient has never menstruated and is of appropriate age for menarche.  Further investigation may be required to exclude other potential causes such as hypothalamic dysfunction, pituitary adenoma, premature ovarian insufficiency, or other endocrine disorders.  ICD-10 code [N91.0, N91.1, or other appropriate code based on clinical findings].

Plan:  Based on initial evaluation, the plan includes [Ordered tests, e.g., serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level, complete blood count (CBC), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin level, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH)].  If pregnancy is confirmed, appropriate obstetric referral will be made.  If pregnancy is ruled out, further evaluation will be based on the results of the laboratory tests and may include imaging studies such as pelvic ultrasound or referral to a gynecologist or endocrinologist for further management of secondary amenorrhea. Patient education provided regarding menstrual cycle irregularities, potential causes of amenorrhea, and the importance of follow-up. Return for follow-up in [Duration] to discuss results and next steps.