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D51.0
ICD-10-CM
Pernicious Anemia

Find information on pernicious anemia diagnosis, including clinical documentation, medical coding (ICD-10 codes D51.0, D51.1), symptoms (vitamin B12 deficiency, fatigue, weakness, megaloblastic anemia), lab tests (Schilling test, intrinsic factor antibodies), treatment (vitamin B12 injections, cyanocobalamin), and healthcare management. Learn about the causes, risk factors, and long-term implications of pernicious anemia for optimal patient care and accurate medical record keeping.

Also known as

Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia
Addisonian Anemia
addisons anemia

Diagnosis Snapshot

Key Facts
  • Definition : Vitamin B12 deficiency due to lack of intrinsic factor, leading to impaired red blood cell production.
  • Clinical Signs : Fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, nerve damage (tingling, numbness).
  • Common Settings : Primary care, hematology, gastroenterology clinics. Diagnosed with blood tests.

Related ICD-10 Code Ranges

Complete code families applicable to AAPC D51.0 Coding
D51.0

Pernicious anemia

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia due to intrinsic factor deficiency.

K91.1

Postgastric surgery malabsorption

Malabsorption following gastric surgery can lead to B12 deficiency.

E84.9

Disorders of vitamin B12 metabolism

Encompasses various B12 related disorders, including some that cause anemia.

Code-Specific Guidance

Decision Tree for

Follow this step-by-step guide to choose the correct ICD-10 code.

Is the anemia due to Vitamin B12 deficiency?

  • Yes

    Is it due to dietary deficiency?

  • No

    Do NOT code as D51. Consider other anemia codes based on the underlying cause.

Code Comparison

Related Codes Comparison

When to use each related code

Description
Pernicious anemia
Folate deficiency anemia
B12 deficiency anemia, NOS

Documentation Best Practices

Documentation Checklist
  • Pernicious anemia diagnosis documentation: CBC, intrinsic factor antibody test
  • Document B12 deficiency: serum B12 levels, Schilling test if needed
  • Symptoms: fatigue, weakness, glossitis, paresthesia
  • Peripheral blood smear findings: macrocytosis, hypersegmented neutrophils
  • ICD-10-CM: D51.0, medical coding, pernicious anemia documentation

Coding and Audit Risks

Common Risks
  • Unspecified B12 Deficiency

    Coding D51.0 (B12 deficiency anemia, unspecified) when documentation supports pernicious anemia (D51.1) leads to underreporting severity and impacts reimbursement.

  • Missed Complicating Diagnoses

    Failing to code complicating diagnoses like peripheral neuropathy (G62.2) or spinal cord degeneration (G31.84) with pernicious anemia impacts risk adjustment and quality reporting.

  • Lack of B12 Status Documentation

    Insufficient documentation of B12 levels and intrinsic factor antibody results hinders accurate coding and may trigger audits or denials for D51.1.

Mitigation Tips

Best Practices
  • Document B12 deficiency & neurologic symptoms for ICD-10 D51.0
  • Order serum B12, intrinsic factor antibody tests for accurate PA diagnosis
  • Complete blood count (CBC) with MCV aids PA diagnosis (ICD-10)
  • Review medication list for B12 absorption disruptors impacting PA
  • Ensure appropriate Schilling test if further diagnostic clarity is needed

Clinical Decision Support

Checklist
  • Verify low B12 (<200 pg/mL) lab result documented.
  • Confirm elevated MMA or homocysteine levels.
  • Intrinsic Factor Antibody (IFA) test ordered/positive.
  • Schilling test ordered if IFA negative/inconclusive.
  • Document signs/symptoms: fatigue, glossitis, paresthesia.

Reimbursement and Quality Metrics

Impact Summary
  • Pernicious Anemia: Coding accuracy impacts reimbursement for B12 deficiency evaluation and treatment. Correct ICD-10-CM (D51.0) and CPT codes crucial for appropriate claims processing.
  • Quality metrics: Monitoring B12 levels, neurologic assessment, and patient education on lifelong B12 therapy adherence are key indicators.
  • Hospital reporting: Accurate pernicious anemia diagnosis coding affects anemia management quality reporting and resource allocation.
  • Denial management: Precise documentation of Schilling test or anti-IF antibody testing supports medical necessity for B12 injections, reducing claim denials.

Streamline Your Medical Coding

Let S10.AI help you select the most accurate ICD-10 codes. Our AI-powered assistant ensures compliance and reduces coding errors.

Quick Tips

Practical Coding Tips
  • Code D51.0 for PA
  • Document B12 deficiency
  • Look for Schilling test
  • Specify if autoimmune
  • Include neurologic signs

Documentation Templates

Patient presents with symptoms suggestive of pernicious anemia, including fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.  The patient also reports glossitis, paresthesia, and difficulty with balance.  Physical examination reveals pallor and a smooth, red tongue.  Laboratory findings demonstrate macrocytic anemia with an elevated mean corpuscular volume (MCV).  Vitamin B12 levels are significantly decreased.  Intrinsic factor antibody (IFA) and anti-parietal cell antibody tests were ordered to confirm the diagnosis of pernicious anemia.  The patient's symptoms, combined with the laboratory results, including low B12 and positive antibody tests (if applicable), indicate a deficiency of intrinsic factor, leading to impaired vitamin B12 absorption.  Differential diagnosis includes other causes of macrocytic anemia such as folate deficiency and myelodysplastic syndromes.  Treatment plan includes intramuscular vitamin B12 injections to address the B12 deficiency.  Patient education regarding the chronic nature of pernicious anemia and the need for ongoing B12 replacement therapy was provided.  Follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor B12 levels, hematological response, and neurological symptoms.  ICD-10 code D51.0 (pernicious anemia) is documented for medical billing and coding purposes.  CPT codes for vitamin B12 injections and laboratory tests are also documented as appropriate.  The patient was advised to follow a healthy diet and report any new or worsening symptoms. Prognosis discussed with the patient.
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