Patient presents for evaluation of scrotal discomfort or incidental finding of testicular microlithiasis (TM) on scrotal ultrasound.  The patient reports (insert patient-reported symptoms e.g., no pain, dull ache, sharp pain, intermittent pain) in the affected testicle. Physical examination reveals (insert findings e.g., normal testicular size and consistency, palpable abnormality, tenderness to palpation).  Scrotal ultrasound demonstrates multiple bright punctate foci consistent with microliths within the testicular parenchyma, bilaterally or unilaterally (specify which testicle).  Differential diagnoses considered include testicular tumor, epididymitis, orchitis, and varicocele.  Given the presence of testicular microlithiasis, risk factors for testicular cancer such as personal or family history of testicular cancer, cryptorchidism, Klinefelter syndrome, and infertility were reviewed with the patient.  (Indicate if present or absent). Patient counseling included a discussion of the potential association between TM and testicular germ cell tumors, although the absolute risk remains low.  Current guidelines recommend self-testicular examination and close follow-up with serial scrotal ultrasounds (specify frequency, e.g., every 6-12 months) for surveillance.  Patient education regarding signs and symptoms of testicular cancer was provided.  Plan includes continued monitoring for any changes in testicular size, consistency, or new symptoms.  ICD-10 code N50.81 (Testicular atrophy) and CPT code 76870 (Scrotal ultrasound, complete) are appropriate for this encounter. This documentation supports medical necessity for ongoing surveillance.